Health officials in Los Angeles County have declared a community-wide hepatitis A outbreak following a significant increase in cases and elevated virus levels detected in local wastewater. Since 2024, the county has confirmed 165 hepatitis A cases, which represents three times the number reported in 2023.
A notable shift in infection patterns has emerged in 2025. While people experiencing homelessness typically face higher risk due to limited access to handwashing and toileting facilities, most of the 29 cases confirmed this year have occurred among individuals without housing or travel risk factors. This change coincides with recent increases in hepatitis A concentrations found in wastewater monitoring.
County Health Officer Dr. Muntu Davis stressed the need for immediate action, stating: “The ongoing increase in hepatitis A cases signals that quick action is needed to protect public health.” He noted that the hepatitis A vaccine offers safe, effective, and long-term protection, calling vaccination “one of the most important things you can do for your own health and the health of our entire community.”
Public health officials are actively monitoring for potential cases and working closely with healthcare providers to remain alert. They’re also collaborating with organizations serving homeless populations to provide education about hepatitis A, encourage vaccination, and recommend that those with symptoms seek medical care.
The hepatitis A vaccine typically requires two doses administered at least six months apart for complete protection. Health officials strongly recommend vaccination for any unvaccinated LA County resident, particularly those experiencing homelessness or using drugs, including non-injection drugs. People who have been exposed to the virus can also receive vaccination shortly afterward to prevent infection.
Residents with insurance can access vaccines through healthcare providers and participating pharmacies. Uninsured or underinsured individuals can obtain vaccination through county public health clinics. Mobile vaccine units are offering free hepatitis A vaccines to homeless populations in encampments and interim housing sites where there is risk of potential exposure.
In addition to vaccination, officials recommend good hygiene practices, particularly washing hands with soap and water before eating and preparing food and after using the bathroom.
Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection that can range from mild to severe. Symptoms include fever, weakness, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, jaundice, stomach pain, vomiting, dark urine, pale stools, and diarrhea. Though rare, the infection can be fatal. The virus typically spreads when someone unknowingly consumes objects, food, or drinks contaminated by small amounts of stool from an infected person.
Older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems might benefit from receiving immune globulin in addition to the hepatitis A vaccine after exposure. No specific antiviral treatment exists for hepatitis A, and while prompt vaccination usually prevents infection, those who receive it too late may still become infected.
