The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has released new data showing 179 reported cases of listeriosis in England and Wales during 2024. This figure is consistent with the 177 cases recorded in 2023 and aligns with pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels, indicating a stable incidence rate for this potentially serious foodborne illness.
Listeriosis, an infection caused by Listeria bacteria, typically results from consuming contaminated raw, chilled, or ready-to-eat foods. While many individuals experience no symptoms or only mild gastroenteritis that resolves within days without treatment, the infection can be severe for vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, and those with underlying chronic conditions.
The recently published data highlights that people aged 80 and over face the highest risk of severe outcomes. Of the 142 non-pregnancy cases where outcomes were known, 28 deaths were reported, with 12 of these occurring in individuals aged 80 or above. This age-related vulnerability stresses the importance of targeted prevention strategies for older adults.
Infections of pregnant women comprised approximately one-fifth of all reported cases, representing a significant concern for maternal and fetal health. Where outcomes were recorded, 43.7% of these cases resulted in stillbirth or miscarriage, emphasizing the serious consequences Listeria infection can have during pregnancy.
Regional differences were observed across England, with London recording the highest rate at 0.39 cases per 100,000 population, while the East of England had the lowest at 0.23 cases per 100,000 population. These geographic variations may reflect differences in food consumption patterns, demographics, or reporting practices.
During 2024, the UKHSA investigated seven distinct listeriosis outbreaks throughout England and Wales. These outbreaks were linked to various food products including smoked fish, chocolate and strawberry mousse, garlic sausage, and pre-packed sandwiches, highlighting the diverse range of foods that can potentially harbor Listeria bacteria.
Groups particularly vulnerable to severe Listeria infection include the elderly, those undergoing immunosuppressive or cytotoxic treatments, pregnant women and their infants, organ transplant recipients, and individuals with chronic kidney or liver diseases. Additionally, people with uncontrolled diabetes, HIV, alcohol dependency, or iron overload face elevated risks of serious complications.
Common symptoms of listeriosis include high temperature, aches and pains, chills, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Pregnant women may experience stomach pain or notice reduced fetal movement, which should prompt immediate medical attention.
Health authorities emphasize that prevention through proper food handling and storage is essential. Recommendations include thoroughly cooking raw food, washing fruits and vegetables before consumption, and maintaining refrigerator temperatures below 40°F. Those in high-risk groups are specifically advised to avoid foods with greater Listeria risk, such as soft cheeses, pâté, smoked fish, chilled sliced meats, and other chilled ready-to-eat products.
